Bookbinding



y2 Sheets-Sheet 1 'F. H. CRUMP BOOKBINDING Filed June 13, 1954 June s, 1937.'

mvENTR 7b 1L @raam/ ATTORNEY WITNEssEs F. H. CRUMP BOOKBINDING June 8, 1937.

Filed June 13, 1934` 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ...nl b. .ruk

INVENTOR Frag JZ @Tu/mp. MLM 'aww T ATTORNEY W|TNESSES Patented June 8, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE V7 Claims.

This invention relates to'improvements in binders, and more particularly to binders of that type in which the leaves are built upon tubular posts secured through cover plates as disclosed in U. S. Patent 1,093,835 of April 21, 1914 granted to Frank H. Crump, and its objects are as follows:-

First, to provide one of the covers (the bottom cover) with oating tubular posts so-called because of their being initially stopped short of being completely driven home into engagement with screw nails which afterwards rigidly secure them to the bottom cover, the floating action of the top of the posts which have previously been cut off above the top cover ceasing when unshouldered screw nails are driven into the posts, the applied force driving the posts clear down to the shoulders of the screw nails in the bottom cover and so compressing and binding the pages in a xed position between the covers.

Second, to provide compression means for permanently securing one end of a tubular post to the bottom cover plate of a binder and to utilize similar means for the permanent connection of the other end of the tubular post to the top cover plate whereby the cover plates are drawn closely together after severing one end of the tubular post at the required point above the top cover, the compression means concealing the tubular post ends in the top and bottom cover plates.

Third, to provide angular top and bottom cover plates on one side of which the tubular connecting posts are compressively secured, 'the other side of said plates forming a partial covering for the back edges of the sheets to be bound.

Fourth, to provide an independent back, of metal or other suitable material, held in position outside of the angular top and bottom cover plates by means connecting it with two or more of the tubular posts, the independent back concealing the exposed portion of the back edges of the leaves, the three-piece back automatically providing a covering for a variable quantity of sheets.

back held in position inside of the angular top Fifth, to provide a binding which has a flexible Seventh, to provide folded over metal top and bottom cover plates withoutntheangle plate but with reinforcing means in the fold to which the foregoing compression means is secured as before. 5

In the drawings:-

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a completed and closed binder.

Figure 2 is a detail perspective view of a part of the book in Figure 1, the top cover being open.

Figure 3 is a detail perspective view of a portion of the lower cover showing one of the posts. v Figure 4 is a cross section taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a detail perspective view of a part of one of the angular cover plates.

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the bottom cover plate.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a modified form of the invention. 20

Figure 8 is a cross section taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a perspective viewof a portion of another modified form of the invention.

Figure 10 is a detail section taken on the line f, IIJ-.I0 of Figure 9.

Attention is first directed to the iirst form of the bookbinding in Figures 1 to 6 according to which the binding has a sewed book appearance. This,V like the other two forms of the invention, has top 'and bottom covers I, 2. These are spaced apart and contain a quantity of leaves 3 between them. The buckram or other covering material 4 is so brought together at 5 as to produce a hinge, and it is on this hinge that the top and bottom covers are swingable when required.

Immediately beyond the hinge points there are angular top and bottom cover plates 6, 'I of lightweight metal such as galvanized iron, constituting leaf-confining members. Each of these is identical and of the form in Figure 5. It comprises a fold-over flange 8 and a plain flange 9. These flanges are at right angles to each other. The folded over flange contains reinforcing means l0 providing the necessary strength and stiffness, against which the compression means is compressibly secured. The folded over iiange has a plurality (at least two) of holes Il to admit the compression means. f

So far Iit will be understood that each cover has a metallic cover plate attached to it at its hinge point. In the assembled book the folded over flange 8 bears down on the leaves 3 above and below (Fig. 4). The plain flange 9 partially conceals the back edges of the leaves adjacent edges on the nail shank. Those (I2) that are -1 to the top and bottoni. The covering 4 is carried down over the outside of the respective cover plates 6, 'I, so that all have a finished appearance.

Provision is made of compression means for securing the tubular postsv to the top and bottom covers. The compression means consists ofs'crew nails f2 and |20. Those screw nails |20 which are driven into' the upper ends ofthe posts are threaded all the way (Fig. 4). The screw nails can consist of any `edge-formed type of shank. The bite that the illustrated spiral. thread aords is equally well obtainable by one or more straight driven into the lower ends of the posts are threaded part way, being shouldered at I2a Yand continuing on as smooth shanksji2b tothe heads of the nails. A number of tubular posts are 'initially made up by partiallydriving va shoulil dered screw nail into one end of each leaving a portion of the screw `thread exposed( This is done-by hammering onthe heads I4. f The heads of thetopfscrew 4nailsfare similarly designated. Upon initially startingV thebook someof these posts arerinserted inzthe holes II ofthe bottom plate l. i y

In order to iix the tubularpoststo the bottom cover -plate i at this stage, elinchers constituting concave washers I5 are slipped down over the pests. The outside Adiameter of each post and of the shank lib is thesame. AThe clincher, therefore; slips `asveasily onto the shank asit does along the .posts The head I4 of eachpost is then placed onananviL andra special`tool is used to set the ciin'cher. Originally the convexity oi' the clincher facesupwards (Fig. 3). Thefact of setting concaves thetop of the clincher as at I5a (Fig, 6) causing an edge of the clincher hole to bite the shank I2b. The setting' act compresses the bottom cover plate'l" at the ytubular post places to some degree (Fig. y'6)' and estab-` lishes a rigid connection of the posts to the bottom cover plate which it is impossible to separate under ordinary workingconditions.

One half of thev desired number of leaves 3- to be bound in `the "binder are emplaced upon the tubular posts I3 in the bottom -cover 2, whereupon the `i-lns 20 ofthe independent back I8 are slipped over the posts, followedby the other half of the leaves;V The top cover I isfthen"y fitted on. The posts I3 go through the holes II` in' the top cover plate 6,the cover I obviously being in the openpositon. The projecting parts t oi the-posts arecutorl", preferablyby crimping with pliers and then bending until they snap, i the cut being substantiallyflush with the top of the cover plate 6, preferably leaving about 1/8 The of the post standing above the tcp cover. top screw nails I2 are'thenA driven into the kcut ofi ends ofthe posts, which action'rounds out the respective liollowpost and `permits it to go down into thecover plate. until theheadofv When" screw nail rests on the top cover plates. driving these screw nails in, the screw nail heads I4 inthe bottom cover are again placed onthev anvil. The act of hammeringupon vthe top heads not only drives the top nails in but drives the respective Itubular post down upon the bottomj nails until the bottom ends of the postsmeet thewshoulders I2a (Fig. 6e) thus completingan adjustment at each of the two leaf-confining members I, 2. which were exposed up to this time, are thus covered, and the distance represented by the final movement of. the posts over the exposed The ythreads of the bottom nails,-

expanse of the bottom nails constitutes what has previously been called the floating action.

It is the provision of this action which makes it possible to nally compress the leaves very tightly along the binding edge. Figure 4 shows particularly weli how the heads I4 of the top and bottom nails conceal the ends of the respective tubular posts. The lower end of the post is some distance from the lower head I4, and even though the upper end of the post is directly adjacent to the upper head I4, that head extends out over the end of the post which has been rounded out and driven down on the compression means in the bottom cover.

VRecesses I5 in the top and bottom covers I, 2 receive the cover plates 6, 'I when the book is closed. Although the heads I 4 are partially buried in thebuckram-ithey protrude a little neverthelesls, but the recesses I6 are deep enough to accommodate the nail heads and the cover plates. These recesses are producedinforming the covers, and the hinge lines 5j run along the outer parts ofthe recesses.'V Y. Mention was made of the posts I3 protruding above the top cover plate 6 preparatory to com pleting the binding. n Ordinarily B" tubular posts are provided. Such a length is suitable for any sheetcapacity fromll. up to 51/. Longer posts up to 12" mayjbe used if a capacity greater than 5 is required.V `Having selected the proper length t of..tubular post a shoulderedscrew nail is driven ythrough the fold-over ange 8 into thelbottom end of the post, whereupon the procedure already outlined is followed. When the binding is completed. thev nail heads I4 bear on the remote sides of the folded over flanges 8, the `heads vhaving sui'licient bearing thereon toy prevent the flanges from ever pulling away.

Now revert to Figure 4. An independent back I8 is secured in the combination. This consists offA a single piece of metal I9 so folded upon itself as to provide duplex center fins 20. These have holes through rwhich the posts I3 are inserted, and in practice the center ns are so thin that they do not produce any objectionable space in the vpile of pages.I The independent `back has reinforcing means k2I which gives it body, and the. backf has a covering'22 of buckram or the like, matching the covering 4. f i f The independent back overlaps the plain `anges of the top andv bottom' cover plates 6,` 1. This overlap allows for"considerable-expansion. 'I'he plates 6, 'I and the back I8 provide what is herein known as a three-piece back which automatically Y e the same referencev characters being used for the parts..v The tubular posts I3BL as well as the bottom clinohersl I5a and all structure immediately concerned with the connecting means (consistingfof the screw nails and'tubular posts in all cases) are the same as previously described. One

exception is that they top and bottom covers Ia,

2BL are connected to the forward edges of the angle plates. ,-Consequently'the heads I4 of the screw vnails are exposed on the'` outsides of the top and Ybottom cover plates.

'I'heiiidependent back |82.L is made of flexible materialsuchas cardboard covered with cloth, and is not rigid as in thepreceding form. vIt 'is covered vkwith the same material used on top and bottomcovers, and its lateral edges 23 are inserted beneath the plain angle anges 9a as shown. This arrangement provides lan overlap similar to that previously described and the overlap provides for considerable expansion. As plainly seen in Figure 8 the back of the book is of three-piece construction, this comprising the top and bottom cover plates and the flexible backing 58a.

A carrying strap 24, or equivalent carrying means is attached to the flexible -back by means of an appropriate clip 25 which goes through holes 26 in the flexible back, between the leaves of the book and around the adjacent tubular post 13a as denoted at 21 (Fig. 8). The carry- '.ig strap, especially its clip 25, serves to hold the flexible back 13a in position beneath the angle flanges Sa.

Figures 9 'and l0 illustrate the third form of the invention. The back, whether rigid as in Figure l or flexible as in Figure 7, is now omitted, the back edges of the leaves being exposed. 'I'he covers l, 2b have folded over top and bottom binding plates 23, each of the form shown in Figure l0. The fold contains reinforcing means 29. The screw nails I2 are driven' into the ends of the tubular posts I3 the same as before, the heads it and the clinchers l5a serving to make a tight binding around the plates 28. The heads of the screw nails are exposed on the outside as in the preceding form but the ends of the tubular posts are concealed.

The fact that the tubular posts are permanently held at one end makes it possible to temporarily use the binder as a current binder particularly the forms in Figures '7 and 9. There the top covers have holes through which the tubular posts may protrude, the top cover being slid down to temporarily hold the leaves. When it is finally desired to bind the leaves that part of the post which extends above the top cover is out off as already described, and the top cover is riveted down to complete the book.

As regards the top and bottom cover plates 6, 1, 6a, 'la and 28, the reinforcing means contained therein is considered very essential as it prevents the head of the screw nail from pulling through from the outside. These plates also provide a metal base for the clincher which otherwise would not hold on the inside. The reinforcement in the fold provides the necessary thickness so as to properly match the thickness of the covers themselves. The reinforcing means should consist of steel or other metal for current use and of binders board for permanent use. Binders board is compressible (Fig. 6) and enables making a very tight connection when the screw nails are driven home.

Further, these top and bottom plates are preferably made of galvanized iron. It has been found that binding materials, for example the buckram cover will rmly stick to a galvanized surface, whereas an ordinary steel plate surface must first be treated, which requires additional labor and material.

I claim:-

1. In a binder-,spaced leaf-confining members having registering openings, at least one tubular post spanning the space between said members in registration with the openings, means secured to one of the members in one of the openings and partially driven into one end .of the post to initially adjustably attach the postto one of the members and to carry itin a temporary loose position 'during the emplacing of leaves onthe posty and building up a book, and similar meansl adapted to be drivenvthrough the other opening into the other end of the post after severing said post above the top leaf-confusing member thereby to completely drive in the first means and fixedly attach to it thevrespeotive member.

2. In a binder, spaced leaf-confining members having registering openings, at least one tubular post spanning the space between said members and adapted to line up with the openings, means occupying one of the openings and driven partially into one end of the post to adjustably c onnect the post and hold it in a floating position while emplacing leaves up to book size, similar means inserted through the other `opening and driven into the other end of the post after severing said post above the top' leaf-confining member, the axial thrust of the blows driving the rst means in farther and causing both means to tightly attach the members to the substantial ends of the post, and clinoher means interposed between one of said members and the adjacent end of the post gripping the inserted means: to rigidly hold the post.

3. In a binder, separated binder members providing covers for a quantity of leaves, said.. members having confronting openings, a tubular post spanning the distance between said members and lining up with the openings, one end of the post being spaced from ythe respective binder member the opposite end of the post occupying the opening in the other binder member, a headed element driven through each opening into the respective end of the tubular post to secure the post to said members, each element having an edge-formed body, the edges of which are forced into the Walls of said post, one element having a shoulder which is abutted by said one end of the post at said space, and clincher means gripping said one element adjacent to the shoulder at a place between the end of the post and adjacent binder member.

4. In a binder, spaced leaf-confining means including cover plates having folded over flanges and plain flanges at angles' to each other, the plain flanges being directed toward each other, compressible reinforcing means between the folded over flanges, connecting means connecting said members and retaining a quantity of -f leaves, and compression means driven through said folded over flanges into the connecting means, said reinforcing means being partially f compressed.

5. In a binder, spaced leaf-conning members, leaf-retaining means and means by which it issecured to said confining members,'a back, a carrying strap, and means securing the carry- .ing strap both to the baok and to one of the leaf-retaining means.

6. In a binder, spaced leaf-confining members, leaf-retaining means and means by which it is secured to said confining members, a back,

said reinforcing means being partially com,-

pressed,V and covers, each having' means providing a. single hinge attached to the respective plain ange, the covers having recesses adjacentl to the hinges to contain the folded over flanges when the binder is closed.`

5 E 'RANK H. CRUMR v 

